[Technology] Development and development of seaweed knitting yarn

In recent years, with the increasing diversification of consumer demand for textiles and garments, the use of functional fibers, the addition of high-tech elements of functional yarns is increasing. Clothing with special functions such as flame retardant and antibacterial is more and more popular.

Seaweed fiber is a fiber made from sodium alginate extracted from marine algae plants (see Figure 1) (see Figure 2). According to the color, seaweed is divided into four major categories: red algae, brown algae, green algae and cyanobacteria. At present, the source of seaweed fiber at home and abroad is multi-source and brown algae.

Figure 1 Seaweed

Figure 2 Seaweed fiber  

1.1 Advantages

1.1.1 Excellent flame retardant performance

The limiting oxygen index of seaweed fiber is LOI ≥ 45%, which is self-extinguishing from the fire. Does not burn, fuze, melt or produce droplets in the air.

1.1. 2 Excellent salt water resistance

It is soaked and washed in physiological saline for a long time to maintain its original appearance and does not dissolve.

1.1. 3 high regain rate

The fiber has a moisture regain of more than 16%, and the comfort is more than that of long-staple cotton. The feel is similar to silk and cashmere. The average strength of the fibers exceeds 2.6 cN/tex.

1.2 Disadvantages

The disadvantage of seaweed fiber is its poor color absorption performance.

2.1 Product development plan design

Due to the poor coloritivity of seaweed fibers, spinning into white yarns has certain difficulties in dyeing or dyeing grey fabrics. In order to solve this problem, we use the process of color spinning and at the same time, according to the characteristics of the wearing performance of knitted underwear, 1.33dtex × 38mm dyed modal, combed fine velvet dyed cotton and seaweed fiber for color mixing, the blending ratio was initially selected modal / seaweed fiber / fine velvet dyed cotton 60/20/20. The trial spinning scheme is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Seaweed knitting yarn trial spinning program

2.2 The main problems found in the development test

Through the trial spinning of 5 varieties, it was found that the following problems mainly exist in the production process:

(1) Because seaweed fiber is relatively slippery, clear flowers cannot be rolled, and there are many hard wires.

(2) The fiber is very static, and the cotton mesh is broken in the carding process, and life is difficult to do.

(3) The drawbow and roving processes are severely wound around the roller and the apron, and the lower apron is damaged more, and the algae fiber short pile is gathered inside and outside the roving flyer arm to form many roving defects, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.

Figure 3: Ingot wing flower  

Figure 4 roving points

(4) The spinning process has many broken ends, and the phenomenon of winding the skin roller, apron and winding the pin is serious. See Figure 5 and Figure 6. The mesh ring is damaged.

Figure 5 is sold around the roving

Figure 6 Winding roller

(5) Seaweed fiber is not dyed, soft and beautiful in light color, and exposed in dark varieties.

(6) The yarn is interrupted in the weaving process, and there are many holes and holes, which cannot meet the needs of the latter.

In order to solve the problems found in the development test, we redesigned the products, focused on the process of each process, and modified the key equipment.

3.1 Adjustment of product plan

In order to improve the spinnability of the blended fiber, we adjusted the blended raw materials, changed the fine wool dyed cotton into long-staple dyed cotton, and increased the proportion of cotton fiber blending to reduce the proportion of modal fibers and seaweed fibers. More preferably, we selected 45 modal / 40 long-staple cotton / 15 seaweed fiber for re-testing, the specific scheme is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Modal/long-staple cotton/seaweed fiber trial spinning program

3.2 Adjustment of production process

(1) The pretreatment process of the seaweed fiber is preferably carried out, and the optimum ratio of the antistatic agent and the water is determined, and after 24 hours of curing, it is mixed with the combed long-staple cotton and the pre-opened modal.

(2) The process of clearing flowers is carried out with the principle of “multiple loose, less combing, and more mixing”. The speed of the needle roller is reduced from 650r/min to 550r/min, and the dust bar spacing is increased. The hard wire and the silk of the seaweed fiber fall off early. In order to reduce the burr hole, the weight of the lap is increased from 470 g/m to 510 g/m.

(3) A roving sling is installed on the top of the winder, and the roving and the lap are synchronously wound to ensure that the lap is well formed, as shown in Fig. 7.

Figure 7 Winding into the roving in the lap

(4) Separate humidification of the carding machine. The relative humidity is adjusted from 55-60% to 65-70%. The sliver count was adjusted from the original 19.5g/5m to 21g/5m, and the delivery speed was adjusted from the original 80m/min to 60m/min.

(5) All of the strip rollers and roving roller aprons are acid treated to reduce the sticking phenomenon caused by static electricity, and the roving flyer hollow arms are cleaned once every 24 hours. The cooked strips were quantitatively 20.5g/5m, the roving quantitative ring spinning 6.3g/10m, the siro spinning 4.0g/10m; the parallel roller surface spacing was 9×13mm, and the roving roller surface spacing was 9×23×25mm.

(6) The relative humidity of the spinning workshop is adjusted from 53-58% to 63-68%, preferably the draw ratio in the rear zone, 1.18 times of siro spinning and compact siro spinning; 1.22 times of ring spinning and compact spinning. . The surface distance of the gauze roller is 18.5×38 mm.

(7) A waxing device is installed on the winding drum, and all the yarns are waxed (water-soluble wax blocks are used), and the winding speed is reduced from 1000 m/min to 800 m/min.

By adopting the above measures, the life of each process is basically normal, and various spinning methods can be successfully completed. The yarn indexes are shown in Table 3. The yarn has a low head rate during the trial weaving process, and the hole is greatly reduced.

Table 3 Main quality indicators of seaweed knitting yarn (40Ne/1)

Production practice shows that seaweed fiber is fully suitable for R&D and production in the field of knitting, but the spinnability needs to be further improved. It is necessary to improve the cohesion of the fiber and reduce the phenomenon of merging. (Zhang Hongmei Wenshang Ruyi Technology Textile Co., Ltd.)

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